bacterial species s aureus  (ATCC)

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Effects of simulated Martian environmental stressors on specific human pathogen–immune system interactions

doi: 10.1128/mbio.01099-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine production of PBMCs incubated with K. pneumoniae previously exposed to Mars-like conditions. PBMC innate ( A ) and adaptive ( B ) cytokine responses. n = 9 biological replicates pooled from three independent experiments. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. M9, minimal media; Unst, unstimulated; UV, ultraviolet.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species K. pneumoniae 298-53 (DSM 30104) and S. marcescens BS303 (DSM 30121) were purchased from Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH.

Techniques: Incubation, Comparison

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Effects of simulated Martian environmental stressors on specific human pathogen–immune system interactions

doi: 10.1128/mbio.01099-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effector functions of PBMCs against bacteria exposed to Mars-like conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PBMCs stimulated with K. pneumoniae ( A ) or S. marcescens ( B ). Percentage of CD11b+ cells positive for DTAF (FITC)-labeled bacteria ( C and E ) and representative histograms ( D and F ) for K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens . n = 6–9 biological replicates from two to three independent experiments, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, **** P ≤ 0.0001 Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. AUC, area under curve as a ratio of ROS production over time; M9, minimal media; Unst, unstimulated; UV, ultraviolet.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species K. pneumoniae 298-53 (DSM 30104) and S. marcescens BS303 (DSM 30121) were purchased from Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH.

Techniques: Bacteria, Labeling, Comparison

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Effects of simulated Martian environmental stressors on specific human pathogen–immune system interactions

doi: 10.1128/mbio.01099-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regrowth after desiccation partially rescues the effects of desiccation. Cytokine production following stimulation of PBMCs for 24 h ( A and E ) and 7 days ( B and F ) with K. pneumoniae ( A and B ) or S. marcescens ( E and F ). Reactive oxygen species production when stimulated with K. pneumoniae ( C ) or S. marcescens ( G ). Phagocytosis of K. pneumoniae ( D ) and S. marcescens ( H ) by CD11b+ cells. n = 6 biological replicates from two independent experiments. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test. M9, minimal media.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species K. pneumoniae 298-53 (DSM 30104) and S. marcescens BS303 (DSM 30121) were purchased from Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Effects of simulated Martian environmental stressors on specific human pathogen–immune system interactions

doi: 10.1128/mbio.01099-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: The morphology of bacterial cells is altered following exposure to simulated Martian conditions. TEM visualization of K. pneumoniae ( A ) and S. marcescens ( C ), size (FSC) and complexity (SSC) quantification by flow cytometry of K. pneumoniae ( B ) and S. marcescens ( D ). Scale bars are 500 nm in panel A and 250 nm in panel C. n = 5–7 biological replicates from two independent experiments. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. FSC, forward scatter; M9, minimal media; SSC, side scatter; UV, ultraviolet.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species K. pneumoniae 298-53 (DSM 30104) and S. marcescens BS303 (DSM 30121) were purchased from Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Comparison

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Offspring metabolic programming via the maternal diet increases susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105817

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of maternal gut microbiota-associated metabolic changes on male neonatal rat offspring. (a) Volcano plot showing the significance and magnitude of the observed differences in the relative plasma metabolite levels from CON and MD rat mothers at the end of the MD diet (E14.5) during maternal pregnancy ( n = 4 plasma samples of mothers). M-CON, CON mothers; M-MD, MD mothers. (b) Volcano plot showing the significance and magnitude of the observed differences in the relative plasma metabolite levels in mothers or male newborns from CON and MD mothers, respectively ( n = 4 plasma samples of mothers and n = 7 or 9 plasma samples of pups per group). (c) Plasma metabolite levels representing significant changes in male newborns (b) . (d) Schematic showing the polyamine synthesis and recycling pathways and the creatine synthesis pathway. Red arrows represent changes in metabolite levels in male newborns. dcSAM, decarboxylated SAM. (e and f) Gut microbiota compositions determined as the relative abundance of microbial taxa at the genus level (e) and the relative abundances of Ruminococcus , Anaerofilum, Actinomyces, and Streptococcus in faecal samples from mothers ( f ; n = 5 samples per group). (g and h) Gut microbiota compositions determined as the relative abundance of microbial taxa at the species level ( g ) and the relative abundances of Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Anaerotruncus colihominis , Anaerofilum pentosovorans , and Blautia wexlerae in faecal samples from mothers ( h ; n = 5 samples per group). (i) Network diagram representing the correlation analysis between altered gut microbiota and potential biomarkers based on online databases; all three kinds of gut microbes (squares) showed a positive correlation with creatine level (yellow circles). (j) Linear regression analysis between the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and plasma creatine levels in mothers ( n = 8 samples per group). (k) Linear regression analysis between the relative abundance of Ruminococcus in mothers and plasma creatine levels in male newborns ( n = 8 samples per group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t -test. ∗ P < 0.05 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species R. flavefaciens (strain C52, American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 49949; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was anaerobically cultured in a rumen fluid-based medium as previously reported.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Offspring metabolic programming via the maternal diet increases susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105817

Figure Lengend Snippet: Supplementation with R. flavefaciens increased creatine levels and affected glucose and lipid metabolism. (a) The abundance of R. flavefaciens and caecal creatine levels in MD maternal rats ( n = 6 samples per group). (b) The abundance of R. flavefaciens and caecal creatine levels in MD maternal mice ( n = 10 and 8 samples per group, respectively). (c) Schematic of R. flavefaciens culture and administration protocol: mice were gavaged daily for the first 3 days, followed by twice weekly treatments through week 5. (d) Creatine levels in the plasma, caecum, and faeces of mice ( n = 5 or 9 samples per group). (e) Plasma glucose (left), TGs (middle), and insulin (right) levels in mice ( n = 5 or 9 samples per group). (f) Relative mRNA expression for PGC-1α , Cpt1a , Ins2 , MafA , and Rbp4 in pancreatic tissue, as assessed using qPCR ( n = 5 or 9 samples per group). (g) Schematic illustrating the proposed mechanism of biochemical markers in circulation and pancreatic mRNA expression following R. flavefaciens supplementation in mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test, with ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species R. flavefaciens (strain C52, American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 49949; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was anaerobically cultured in a rumen fluid-based medium as previously reported.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Expressing

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Offspring metabolic programming via the maternal diet increases susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105817

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic summary of methionine- deficiency (MD)-induced effects on β-cell differentiation and offspring metabolic reprogramming from both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro : MD during hiPSC differentiation impairs terminal β-cell differentiation, increasing β-cell markers while reducing non-β-cell markers. In vivo : The lower panel illustrates the effects of maternal MD during the initiation of pancreatic progenitor (PP) differentiation in foetal life. A short-term maternal MD diet (E12.5–E14.5) alters maternal gut microbiota composition, notably increasing R. flavefaciens , which elevates circulating creatine levels. This maternal microbiota–metabolite axis disrupts foetal pancreatic metabolic pathways, including polyamine synthesis and glucose–lipid metabolism, and enhances pancreatic differentiation. Offspring exposed to maternal MD show impaired glucose tolerance by week 10, and under a high-fat diet feeding, increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Creatine serves as a key signalling metabolite linking maternal microbial changes to offspring metabolic reprogramming.

Article Snippet: The bacterial species R. flavefaciens (strain C52, American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 49949; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was anaerobically cultured in a rumen fluid-based medium as previously reported.

Techniques: Cell Differentiation, In Vitro, In Vivo